IS 15782 : 2008 ~ - qx:gw * ~ ~ ~ ~ IDXT ~ cf> 5Tff em ~ m etr ~ Indian Standard TEXTILES - METHOD FOR DETERMINING DETERIORATION OF VISIBILITY DUE TO SMOKE RELEASED ON COMBUSTION OF MATERIALS res 13.220.40; 59.080 .30 © SIS 2008 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK SHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 11000 2 August 2008 Price Group 4 Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 05 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council. There have been many fire incidences in recent years in public buildings/places, the origin of which could be many, such as electric short circu iting, ignition, etc. The origin of fire may not be that much dangerous and hazardous as the ease of ignition and spreading of fire due to combustible materials such as textiles, plastics, upholstered furniture, etc. Depending upon the type of material encountered in burning , its ease of ignition and its fire spread properties, the -extent of damage to the life and property could be enormous. In order to prevent or minimize the damage to life and property due to such fire risks , formulation of standard for resistance to ignition of curtains and drapes in public placeslbuildings needs no emphasis. It needs to be borne in mind that measures to reduce the ignitability of a textile or textile assembly may adversely affect other fire properties such as smoke and toxic gas evolution and this aspect may require con sideration when materials and construction techniques are being evaluated . Therefore, it is desirable that the finishing materials used for various surfaces and decorations includ ing textiles should be such that it does not generate toxic smoke and/or fumes. The smoke generated due to burning may consist of several gas effluents that may cause death or incapacitation by asphyxiation or lung irritation of such effluents, perhaps the most significant asphyxiant gases are Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen cyanide (HCN). CO causes a decrease in oxygen supplied to or utilized by body tissues with a corresponding increase in carboxyl hemoglobin. HCN is approximately twenty five times more toxic than CO. Its toxic effect is by hydrolysis in the blood and prevention of capacity for utilizing oxygen, thus greatly affecting the heart and the brain. In contrast to asphyxiating toxicants, irritant toxicants affect both sensory and upper respiratory tract or lung. They may cause instantaneous reaction likelachrymation: blinking of the eyes; pain in the nose, throat and chest; breath holding; coughing and even laryngeal spasms etc. At sufficiently high doses, irritant s penetrate deep into the lungs and can cause pulmonary oedema and death from a few hours up to several days after exposure . Among irritant gases, perhaps the most dreaded ones are hydrogen chloride and acrolein. Although limits of toxic gas effluents have not generally been uniformly laid down for public places, toxic as well as irritant gas models for laboratory assessments or time available for escape have been worked out for assessing both such type of gases. The basic principle of assessing hazard analysis in the case of toxic gases is in relating the exposure dose of each toxic gas to increment of time while in the case of irritant gas it relates to the concentration of each irritant with increment of time. The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex A. This standard is based on VIC 564-2 'Test method for determining deterioration of visibility due to smoke released on combustion of materials' published by the International Union of Railways and relates the impact of effluent gases with the increment of time. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with , the final value, observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)' . The number of significant place s retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. IS 15782 : 2008 Indian Standard TEXTILES - METHOD FOR DETERMINING DETERIORATION OF VISIBILITY DUE TO SMOKE RELEASED ON COMBUSTION OF MATERIALS 1 SCOPE This standard specifies a method to determine the deterioration of visibility due to smoke produced when materials burn in a given sealed chamber, by assessing the attenuation of a light beam passing through the chamber. The method is applicable to combustion of alI kinds of materials includ ing textiles. and positioned at distance d = 250 ± 2 mm from the nearest side walls. 3.1.3 The floor (B) having an opening of 80 ± I mm diameter. glazed and positioned centrally on the vertical line passing through the centre of the opening in the ceiling (A) . It shall also have an opening to introduce the burner (see 3.6), which can permit the burner to be tilted at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. 2 PRINCIPLE The specimen of the material is ignited in a chamber measuring about 0.5 rn! and having two glazed openings in its roof and floor which permit a light ream produced by an incandescent mat bulb to pass from bottom to top through the inside ofthe chamber, which contains the smoke released by burn ing of the specimen. The light intensity of the bulb is held constant throughout the test. While the smoke is developing, the light attenuation is recorded by means of a light meter cell , positioned at the upper opening of the chamber by measuring the following : The curve E = / (r), where E = ilIumination intensity at the celI in lux; and t = time in seconds; b) The ilIumination intensity measured by the cell at the fourth minute (E4 ) ; and c) The total light volume transmitted during the first 4 minutes by calculation of the area between the coordinate axes and the curve E =/(t). a) 3.i.4 The chamber shall have a light bulb holder approximately 215 mm from the bottom edge , positioned on vertical line through the centre of floor open ing (B). The bulb shall be placed in this holder in a vertical position. 3.1.5 The side wall (C) shall have an opening of approximately 130 mm diameter situated near the bottom and connected to a smoke discharge pipe, fitted with a sealing shutter at the chamber outlet 3.1.6 The side wall (D) shall have a ventilation inlet which can be closed during the test and opened after the test to admit scavenging air and facilitate smoke expulsion . 3.1.7 The smoke chamber shall be fitted with a glass window for observing the interior volume. The window shall be covered with a black curtain throughout the measurement period in order to prevent stray light from entering. 3.2 Electrical Equipment - Incandescent electric bulb 220 V, 100 W (clear glass bulb). 3 APPARATUS 3.1 Smoke Chamber - The smoke chamber shall be constructed of heatproof material such as reinforced plywood or plywood coated with fireproof paint (see Fig. I). It shall rest on supports approximately 250 mm high. The internal dimensions of the chamber shall be: a) Height (H) 1 000 ± 5 mm, b) Length (L) 750 ± 5 mm, and c) Width (P) =750 ± 5 rnrn. 3.1.1 The chamber shall have doors with seals so as to ensure that it is hermetically sealed. 3.1.2 The ceiling (A) shall have opening of diameter slightly larger than the light meter celI (see 3.3), glazed 3.3 Light Meter - It shall have at least two measuring scales 0-10 and 0-100 lux. 3.4 Plate of Non-combustible, Fire Proof and NOdheat-Conducting Material - It shall be made from aluminium silicate (cement and glass) with dimensions ofl22mmx lOOmmx6mm. 3.5 Stainless Steel Plate - Having dimensions of 122 mm x 100 mm x 2 mm. 3.6 Burner - Butane or propane gas burner in accordance with Fig. 2. The burner shall be titled at an angle of 45° to the horizontal and shall be placed on the floor (B) of the smoke chamber so that the flame produced is inside and the air inlet outside the smoke chamber. = = IS 15782 : 2008 3.7 Specimen Frame - To enable the specimen to be held at an angle of 20° to the vertical (see Fig. 3). The specimen shall be fixed with 4 nuts between the front of the specimen frame (which contains an opening of 100 rnm x 50 mm), (see Fig. 3), the fire proof plate (see 3.4) placed against the reverse side of the specimen and the stainless steel plate (see 3.5). Mounting of the specimen shall be as per Fig. 4. 3.8 Device for Adjusting the Distance Between Specimen Frame and Burner - A device may be used, operated from outside with the chamber closed, which makes it possible to move the specimen frame towards the burner or the burner towards the specimen frame so that there relative positions correspond with 4.4. L--- $1 d 0~ l , , ,, , , , · )-h I approx. ® Intemat dimensions H=1000±5 L =750±5 P=750±5 o $2 dl 0- d .,.Qpening for burner © © $1 >diameter of Light meter cell $2=80±1 d=250±2 <1>3 _ _ _ .... V=Sealing shutter d_~ f_:-~:~-----~-=~-- ----11 <1>3=130 approx. d, =150 approx. 215 Smoke exhaust opening @ r11 i'<1nn appro~----,d:::!dU.-! L=lightbulb h=250 approx. Air inlet opening FIG. 1 SMOKE CHAMBER 2 GENERAL VIEW IS 15782 : 2008 In ci N In · 13.45 15 _ _.,:.+4.6-50· 2.2 o ... 2 ------+--- ,-_~10:tO.1 2 68 FIG. 2 BURNER r I , I I I o I 1 r FIG. o I I==:=t''''' ~------J~ 3 SPECIMEN FRAME TILTED AT AN ANGLE OF 20° TO THE VERTICAL 3 IS 15782 : 2008 Stainless steel plate Fireproof material Test specimen Specimen frame ~ \ \ \ 20 0 I I I I I I I I I I Burner / .1\45 L-f 0 _ FIG. 4 ARRANGEMENT FOR COMBUSTION OF SPECIMEN 4 PROCEDURE 4.1 Preparation 01 Equipment for Burning the Specimen (see Fig. 4) 4.1.1 Prepare test specimen of the actual material used having dimens ions of: a) Length : 120 mm, b) Width : 100 mm, and c) Thickness : that of material actually used. 4.1.2 Insert the following successively into the specimen frame and firmly bolt all the components: a) Specimen (top side to front of frame), 4 b) c) Plate of fireproof material (see 3.4), and Plate of stainless steel (see 3.5). 4.2 Air Supply. Gas Consumption and Pressure 01 Burner - Regulatethe air supply, withgas consumption of 24 Vmin ± 2 IImin and pressure of burner (see 3.6) at 0.5 ± 0.1 so that the blue cone of the flame has a length of 30 ± 5 mm when the burner is tilted at 45°, 4.3 Position the specimen frame on the floor of the smoke chamber so that the tip of the blue cone of the Bunsen burner flame touches a point on the longitudinal centre line of the specimen surface 25 mm distant from the base of the opening in the front of the specimen frame (see Fig. 4) . IS 15782 : 2008 4.4 Introduce the specimen frame with the specimen and the burner (unlit) into the smoke chamber as described in 3.7, 4.2 and 4.3. Close the door of the chamber. burner has not been extinguished. All these operations must be completed within 5 s. 4.10 Note the time (I) for which illumination intensity (E) is equal to 90, 80, 70, lux etc. Change the measuring scale in order to obtain greater accuracy when reading the illumination intensity, especially for values of under 10 lux. 4.11 Extinguish the burner as soon as illumination intensity falls below I lux or, if this does not occur, after 5 min. 4.12 Remove any soot deposited on the glass covers of the openings in the ceiling (A) and floor (B) before starting another test. Clean the side walls of the chamber at regular intervals. 4.13 Carry out three tests for each material. 4.5 Close the shutter V of the smoke discharge pipe taking care that the smoke extractor is switched off. Close the air intake opening on side (D). 4.6 Place the light meter cell at the opening in ceiling (A) taking care to prevent any stray light, emanating from outside the smoke chamber, from entering, for example, by covering the cell with a black cloth (in the most sensitive measuring scale the light meter must indicate less than 0.3 lux). Adjust the light meter cell to zero. 4.7 Alter the measuring scale to the lowest sensitivity. 4.8 Switch on the electric light bulb and adjust the current flow to obtain an illumination intensity of 100 lux. Open the door of the chamber and the air intake opening in side (D). NOTE - Opening the air intake aperture helps to prevent extinction of burner when door is closed (see 4,9). 4.14 Presentation or Results (see Fig. 5) 4.14.1 State the recorded illumination intensities as a function of time (individual values for each specimen and arithmetic mean). 4.9 Light the burner, start the chronometer and close the door and the air-intake opening and ensure that the 4.14.2 Draw the curve for the material by entering the times on the x-axis and the arithmetic means of the corresponding illumination intensities (in lux) on the y-axis. E lux -+-+---.._ T IX.min 1 seconds o FIG. 60 5 120 METHOD REPRESENTING OF RESULTS TO DETERMINE DETERIORATION OF VISIBILITY DUE TO SMOKE PRODUCED BY A MATERIAL 5 IS 15782 : 2008 4.14.3 Based on the curve, indicate the value of illumination intensity £4 in lux obtained in the fourth minute; the light volume T in lux-minutes obtained during the first 4 min by calculating the area between the coordinate axes and the curve E f (t) drawn in accordance with point 4.14.2. Grade the material into classes A, Band C. based on the values of £4 and T and in accordance with the Table I. Table 1 Grading of Material (Clause 4.14.3) SINo. (1) E. (Ix) 7(,1. ··) (2) T~300 E.~50 20~E. ~SO E.<20 (5) = (3) A (4) i) ii) iii) T <300 T< 150 150~ B C B B C B C C ANNEXA (Foreword) Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 05 Organization Representativets] Textiles Committee, Mumbai Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association. Ahmedabad Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology. Davangerc Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology. Mumbai Central PoUution Control Board. Delhi DR G. S. NADIGAR iChairmanr SHRJ E. VISWAMBHARA.... (Altemate) DIRECTOR DR H. L. VUAYKUMAR DR K. MURUGESH BABU (Alternate) DR (KM) C. R. RAlE DR R. H. BALASUBRAMANYA (Altemale) DR M. Q. ANSARI SHRI AJAy AGGARWAL (Allemate) DR V. G. NAYAK LT-COL (DR) R. SRIVASTAVA LT-COR B. MANJUNATH (Aile mate) PROf (DR) K. K. GoSWAMI Clariant India Ltd, Mumbai Directorate of Standardization (Production & Supplies). New Delhi Indian Institute of Carpet Technology. Bhadohi Indian Jute Industries' Research Association. Kolkata Jaya Shrce Textiles. Rishra L. N. Chemical Industries. Mumbai Maniklal Venna Textile Institute, SHRlMAn BEITY DAS GUPTA (Alternate) SHRI A. K. BANERJEE SHRJ ABHEY NAIR SHRI PAWAN SHARMA (Altemate) SHRI KETAN L. GANDHI DR N. K. MATHtJR (Alternate) DR SANDEEP R. NAlK SHRI M. G. PATEL (Alternate) LT-COL P. P. NAIDU SHRJ RAMA YADAV (Allernate) KM ARCHANA VYAS Bhilwara Man-Made Textile Research Association, Surat Ministry of Defence (DGQA), Kanpur Ministry of Defence (R & D). Kanpur Office of the Textile Commissioner, Mumbai Premier Colorscan Instruments Pvt Ltd, Thane K'd PRiYANKA KAnYAR (Allemale) SHRI R. A. LAL SHRI RAYMOND RAMRAlKAR SHRI D. I. ~Al (Alternate) SHRJ K. D. JOSHI SHRJ VUAY Y AOAV (Altemate) SHRI P. K BADAMI SHRI SAN1EEV IsRANI (Alternate) DR (KM) BHARAn A. PAlWARDHAN Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd. Noida Reliance Industries Ltd. New Delhi SNDT WOIllCll'S University, Mumbai 6 IS 15782 : 2008 Organu ati on Representative!s ) Suditi Industrie s LId. Murnbar Sunil Industries LId. Mumba i Texan Lab, Mumba i Textiles & Engin eerin g Institute. Ichalkaranj i The Bombay Millowner's Association. Mumbai The Bombay Textile Research Associati on, Mumbai The South India Textile Research Assoc iation . Co imbatore The Synthetics & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, Mumbai University Department of Chemical Technol ogy. Mumbai Veermata Jeejabai Technolo gical Institute , Mumbai Wool Research Association. Thane In personal capac ity (2 Siddh i Yinayak Coope rative Group Housing Soci ety, Swatantrya Veer Savarkar Marx. Prabhadevi , Dadar; Mumbai ) SHRl R. CHINRAJ SHRI RAJENLlRA GAIKWAD (Alternate ) SHRI VIN OD G. LATH SHRI R AM E.~H KHA N NA (Allemate) SHRI ULlJlAS NIMKA R SHRI RAHU l BH AJEKAR (Alterna te) PROF S. K. LA GA PR OF S. S. CHIN CHWALlE (Alternate) SHRI MAHESH SHARMA SHRI B. S. ACHARYA SHRl P. R. MISTRY (Allernale) SHRI D. BALASUMRAMANIAN SHRI K. S. TARAPOREW ALA SHRl D. L. SH A H (Altemnle) PROF M. D. TELl PR OF S. R. SHUKLA (Alternate ) PROF K. D. GAWAND ShriMATI G. P. RANE SHRl V. C. PANSE (Alternate) SHRI M. D . DI XIT BIS Directorate General M e mber Secretary Scientist 'F' and Head (TXD) [Representing Director General (Ex -offi cio») SHRl M. S. VERMA Scientist 'F' and Head (TXD), BIS 7 Bureau of Indian Standards BIS i~ a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyri~ht BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no'changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision . Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that hey are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc: No. TXD 05 (0831). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 Telephones: 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 Regional Offices : Central Eastern Northern Southern Western Branches Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI 110002 1/14 C.LT. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi KOLKATA700 054 Telegrams: Manaksanstha (Common to all offices) Telephone 2323 76 17 { 23233841 23378499, 2337 8561 { 23378626,23379120 26O 3843 { 260 9285 2254 1216,2254 1442 { 2254 2519, 2254 2315 {2832 9295, 2832 7858 2832 7891, 2832 7892 sco 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600 113 Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) MUMBAl400 093 AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI . HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed by Sunshine Graphics